![]() Many other biological molecules have sugar components in them, e.g. For example, nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA, have a sugar component in them, i.e. Sugars are an important structural component of various biological materials. Artificial sweeteners are often comprised of synthetic polysaccharide maltodextrin and other sweeteners.Įxcessive consumption of sugar is linked to diabetes, obesity, tooth decay, and cardiovascular diseases. It is the common table sugar used as a sweetener at home. White granulated sugar is 99.9% carbohydrates. It contains molasses, and as such, is light or dark in color and richer in flavor than white sugar. Sugarcanes and sugar beets are the two major sources of sugar being sold in the market.Ĭommercialized sugar is primarily sucrose. In vegetables, the most common sources include sugarcanes, sugar beets, carrots, yams, and sweet potatoes. Some of the common dietary sources of sugars from fruits are apples, bananas, grapes, oranges, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, and plums. Dietary Sugarsĭietary sources of sugars are mostly from plants, especially sugarcane and sugar beet. These plants are harvested to make refined sugar. The common sources of sugar for commercial use are sugarcane and sugar beet. It is used in beverages and food preparation, such as cake and cookies. The table sugar is sucrose, which is a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose. Examples are lactose, maltose, and sucrose. disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.ĭisaccharides are carbohydrates consisting of two monosaccharides. They serve as the monomers that join together to form a rather complex carbohydrate, e.g. These monosaccharides are the simplest forms of carbohydrates. In plants, glucose is the primary product of photosynthesis. Glucose is the most common form of simple sugar in the body as it is essential in various cellular activities such as cell respiration. Galactose is another simple sugar but is seen often bound to another molecule. It naturally occurs in fruits, cane sugar, and honey. ![]() Monosaccharides include fructose, galactose, and glucose. The most fundamental type is the simple sugars called monosaccharides. Saccharide is the structural (monomeric) unit of carbohydrates and carbohydrates may be classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides based on the number of saccharide units. The monosaccharides are linked to each other (or to other non-carbohydrate groups) by a glycosidic bond (also called glycosidic linkage), a type of covalent bond. monosaccharides) may join to form longer chains. The saccharide is the structural (monomeric) unit of carbohydrates. They may contain either aldehyde or ketone groups. Most sugars have a name that typically ends in – ose. (NB: An exception to this rule is deoxyribose.) Because of this chemical formula rule, sugars and most carbohydrates are referred to as hydrates of carbon. The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is often 2:1. The general chemical formula of sugar is C n (H 2O) n (or C n H 2nO n), where n may range from 3 to 7. The four major elements that make up sugars and other carbohydrates are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. An organic compound is a compound that, in general, contains carbon covalently bound to other atoms, especially Carbon-Carbon (C-C) and Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H). Sugars, just like the other carbohydrates, are organic compounds. It is also used as an ingredient in several beverages, such as sodas, coffee, and juices. It is used in food preparation, such as in cakes, pastries, and desserts. Sucrose is a form of sugar that many people are familiar with. The term table sugar or granulated sugar actually refers to sucrose, which is a disaccharide made of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. ![]() ![]() The term simple sugars denote the monosaccharides. Sugars are classified based on the number of monomeric units present. Sugars are an essential structural component of living cells and a source of energy in many organisms. The term sugar is the generic term for any disaccharides and monosaccharides. Common Biological Reactions Involving Sugars.Source of nutrition and energy for metabolism. ![]()
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